diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index d0b0e4a8cbb46cb8f2d147e3f5b6d1170ea2be5e..e7f2f5c53dbecbb8c9c79e2521a4f30970207a6f 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Before merging please make sure to check the following: ### Writing custom feature extraction functions When writing a function to extract a feature use the following as guidelines: -* Place your file in the `r` folder with an appropriate name -* Add a function call to `Master.R` within the main apply function +* Place your file in the `processing/wikiproc/R` folder with an appropriate name +* Add a function call to `master.R` within the main apply function * The parameters you hand to your function here will determine what you may work with * `article[1]` is the name of the physicits * `article[2]` and `article[3]` contain the page and revision id respectivly @@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ When writing a function to extract a feature use the following as guidelines: * You may use additional parameters to your liking * Your function will allways be given data for a single article you do not need to make your function vectorized * Bind the output of your function to the resutls data frame at the very end of the main apply function +* Please don't use library imports, if possible call the functions explicitly via `::`. If you need to load a library do so in `import_packages.R`. + +Steps to build: +* Make sure your functions are properly commented for roxygen + * If your function is to be visible from the outside, make sure to add `@export` to the roxygen comment +* Set the working directory to `wikiproc` and call `devtools::document()` +* Step into `processing` and use `devtools::install("wikiproc")` to install the package ## Installation diff --git a/packages.list b/processing/packages.list similarity index 80% rename from packages.list rename to processing/packages.list index d61e2fb55d01e0b19aaa9b98f33b84328257a7d5..532daaf429be8cab38d06d4487a38bb4c4b551ae 100644 --- a/packages.list +++ b/processing/packages.list @@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ data.table xml2 WikipediR reticulate -cleanNLP \ No newline at end of file +cleanNLP +rprojroot diff --git a/r/Master.R b/processing/script/master.R similarity index 59% rename from r/Master.R rename to processing/script/master.R index fe4ae64cde28991d0950616d74e602242b76e43a..05bac6d6b5515dd29b03d77216ddf0ee648d457b 100755 --- a/r/Master.R +++ b/processing/script/master.R @@ -1,31 +1,24 @@ #!/usr/bin/env Rscript - ### This script consolidates everything -## Librarys - library(pbapply) +library(wikiproc) +library(rprojroot) -#library(SomeLibrary) - -## Load Scripts - -cat("Sourcing R scripts... ") +## Set up nlp -source("r/GetData.R") -source("r/GetNoOfSpouses.R") -source("r/CleanHtml.R") -source("r/ProcessNER.R") -#source("r/getSomethingElse.R") - -cat("Done.\n") +init_nlp("conda", "spcy") ## Fetch data cat("Starting data import...\n") -articles <- getData(use.cache = TRUE) +# Define paths +project_root <- find_root(has_file("README.md")) +data_dir <- paste(project_root, "data", sep = .Platform$file.sep) + +articles <- get_data(use.cache = TRUE, data.dir = data_dir) ## Data processing @@ -34,29 +27,25 @@ cat("Processing data:\n") results <- pbapply(articles, 1, function(article) { # Within this function article is a vector representing a single row of our original data frame # This means article[1] represents the Title, article[2] the PageID etc. - + ## Data cleaning - - cleaned.text <- cleanHtml(article[4]) - + + cleaned.text <- wikiproc::clean_html(article[4]) + ## Data preprocessing/annotating - - annotation <- createAnnotations(cleaned.text, article[2], article[3]) - + + annotation <- create_annotations(cleaned.text, article[2], article[3], data.dir = data_dir) + ## Extract information from Text - - no.spouses <- getNoOfSpouses(article[4]) - - # someFact <- getFactFromTextFunctioN(annotated.text) - - # someOtherFact <- getOtherFactFromText(data$Text) - + + no.spouses <- get_no_of_spouses(article[4]) + ## Create Results - + data.frame(Name = article[1], NoSpouses = no.spouses, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) - + }) results <- do.call(rbind, results) @@ -65,7 +54,7 @@ cat("Data processing finished.\n") ## Results are now in results -## Format for rasa +## Format for rasa cat("Writing rasa files to 'rasa/'...\n") diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/.Rbuildignore b/processing/wikiproc/.Rbuildignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b7c4e3607abd076fe538046ebf052153ae9ecc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/.Rbuildignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +^wikiproc\.Rproj$ +^\.Rproj\.user$ diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/DESCRIPTION b/processing/wikiproc/DESCRIPTION new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d5ab21b9c3fabe88bc0bbee3ca5bd55b8718574 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/DESCRIPTION @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +Package: wikiproc +Title: Collection of Data Processing Utility Functions +Version: 0.0.0.9000 +Authors@R: c( + person("David", "Fuhry", role = "aut"), + person("Lukas", "Gehrke", role = "aut"), + person("Lucas", "Schons", role = "aut")) +Author: David Fuhry [aut], + Lukas Gehrke [aut], + Lucas Schons [aut] +Maintainer: David Fuhry <not.an@email.address.net> +Description: This package contains various functions that are needed to transform raw wikipedia html into processable facts. +Depends: R (>= 3.5.0) +License: GPL-2 +Encoding: UTF-8 +LazyData: true +RoxygenNote: 6.1.1 +Imports: + pbapply, + rvest, + textclean, + stringr, + stringi, + data.table, + xml2, + WikipediR, + reticulate, + cleanNLP, +Suggests: + testthat diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/NAMESPACE b/processing/wikiproc/NAMESPACE new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cec814d403dbe165ac9ea64126faec2e3c772a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/NAMESPACE @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand + +export(clean_html) +export(create_annotations) +export(get_birthdate) +export(get_birthplace) +export(get_data) +export(get_no_of_spouses) +export(init_nlp) +importFrom(data.table,"%like%") +importFrom(magrittr,"%>%") diff --git a/r/CleanHtml.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/clean_html.R similarity index 76% rename from r/CleanHtml.R rename to processing/wikiproc/R/clean_html.R index 3f0d11cef3b277b8a8758af131606f5c88e69bad..d0a57c237ce4edef7b3ad9bb359b348e4994b4ce 100644 --- a/r/CleanHtml.R +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/clean_html.R @@ -2,19 +2,15 @@ # Author: Lucas -library(rvest) -library(stringi) -library(textclean) - - -#' Clean a html formatted wikipedia page. +#' Clean a html formatted wikipedia page. #' Nodes of interest from the DOM are extracted and then cleaned from all html #' tags and annotations. -#' +#' +#' @export #' @param html Url linking to a wikipedia webpage or a html formatted document. #' @return Plaintext document containing only the maintext of the give wikipedia page. -cleanHtml <- function(html) { - +clean_html <- function(html) { + # 1. read data from url or html-formatted text # 2 .extract nodes containing main information (ignore infoboxes, list of literature, ...) # 3. collapse vektors into a single one @@ -23,14 +19,14 @@ cleanHtml <- function(html) { # - remove whitespace after newline # - remove whitespace before punctuation # - replace multiple newlines with single newline - result <- read_html(html) %>% - html_nodes(css="h3:nth-child(13) , h4 , p+ h3 , p") %>% - stri_flatten(collapse = " ") %>% - replace_html() %>% + result <- xml2::read_html(html) %>% + rvest::html_nodes(css="h3:nth-child(13) , h4 , p+ h3 , p") %>% + stringi::stri_flatten(collapse = " ") %>% + textclean::replace_html() %>% gsub("\\[\\d*\\]", "", .) %>% gsub(" +", " ", .) %>% gsub("\n ", "\n", .) %>% gsub(" *([.!?:,'’])", "\\1", .) %>% gsub("\n *\n+", "\n", .) %>% sub(" ", "", .) -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/r/GetBirthdate.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthdate.R similarity index 60% rename from r/GetBirthdate.R rename to processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthdate.R index 42dbb69d5a774e2ae37c9015264e4d64cad83e56..09f243e43ac8b035282127d22b130adc66b4c988 100644 --- a/r/GetBirthdate.R +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthdate.R @@ -2,26 +2,22 @@ # Author: Lukas -library(rvest) -library(stringr) -library(data.table) -library(xml2) - #' Extract birthdate from infobox #' Will try to get infobox as table and extract birthdate #' from 'Born'-entry #' If there is no infobox, first paragraph of the article #' will be checked for birthdate #' +#' @export #' @param article Article in HTML-format #' @return String birthdate as string|NULL -getBirthdate <- function(article) { - +get_birthdate <- function(article) { + if(grepl("vcard", article)) { - + # Check if there is an infobox - infoBox <- getInfoBox(article) - + infoBox <- get_infobox(article) + # Get the Born field birthdate <- infoBox[infoBox$Desc %like% "Born",]$Content # Remove everything except the birthdate: @@ -29,84 +25,57 @@ getBirthdate <- function(article) { birthdate <- gsub("\\s*\\([^\\)]+\\)", "", birthdate) # - Remove everything starting with newline birthdate <- gsub("\\n.*$", "", birthdate) - + return(birthdate) - - + + } else if(!getIntroduction(article) == "") { - + # Check first paragraph introduction <- getIntroduction(article) - + # Get birthdate inside of parentheses - birthdate <- str_extract_all(introduction, "\\([^()]+\\)")[[1]] + birthdate <- stringr::str_extract_all(introduction, "\\([^()]+\\)")[[1]] # Remove parentheses birthdate <- substring(birthdate, 2, nchar(birthdate)-1) - + return(birthdate) - + } else { - + # Return Null if there is no birthdate return(NULL) } } -### Converts info box to table -getInfoBox <- function(article) { - # Read page as html - page <- read_html(article) - - # Extracting text from the html will erase all <br> tags, - # This will replace them with line breaks - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_remove() - - # Get the info box - # Will throw an error if there isnt any, so that should be checked beforehand - - table <- page %>% - html_nodes("table.vcard") %>% - html_table(fill = TRUE) %>% - .[[1]] - - colnames(table) <- c("Desc", "Content") - - return(table) -} - #' Get Introduction Text from Wikipedia page that contains birthdate #' #' @param article article in HTML-format #' @return string introduction text from wikipedia article getIntroduction <- function(article) { # Read page as html - page <- read_html(article) - + page <- xml2::read_html(article) + # Extracting text from the html will erase all <br> tags, # This will replace them with line breaks - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_remove - + + xml2::xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% + xml2::xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") + + xml2::xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% + xml2::xml_remove + # Get all paragraphs paragraphs <- page %>% - html_nodes("p") %>% - html_text() - + rvest::html_nodes("p") %>% + rvest::html_text() + # There will be some leading paragraphs containing only "\n" # Remove those leading paragraphs remove <- c("\n") - cleaned <- setdiff(paragraphs, remove) + cleaned <- data.table::setdiff(paragraphs, remove) introduction <- cleaned[1] - + # Return first paragraph return(introduction) } diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthplace.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthplace.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0310bdad7882b1f3a404115eb1637fb0d9cd52b --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_birthplace.R @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env Rscript + +# Author: Lukas + +#' This script extracts Birthplace from physicist texts +#' Try to get the infobox and extract the birthplace +#' If there is no infobox, 0 will be returned as +#' birthplace is hard to extract from text +#' +#' @export +#' @param article Article in HTML-format +#' @return String with birthplace of the physicist|0 +get_birthplace <- function(article) { + + # If there is no infobox we return 0 + if(!grepl("vcard", article)) { + return(0) + } + + # Use infobox to get Birthplace + infoBox <- get_infobox(article) + + # Get 'Born' field + birthplace <- infoBox[infoBox$Desc %like% "Born",]$Content + + # Remove everything in front of the "\n" + # Rest is birthplace + birthplace <- gsub(".*\\\n", "", birthplace) + + # return birthplace + return(birthplace) +} diff --git a/r/GetData.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_data.R similarity index 79% rename from r/GetData.R rename to processing/wikiproc/R/get_data.R index d48a0c65b48a4c48237ab27419682ce1ba22e3b8..abcf0094a43ee04b8385e6e978258170777b0f7b 100644 --- a/r/GetData.R +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_data.R @@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ # Author: David -library(WikipediR) # For querying wikipedia -library(rvest) # For getting the list of physicits - ## Though we could get the pages within the category 'physicists' with something like this ## pages_in_category("en", "wikipedia", categories = "physicists")$query$categorymembers ## this gives us only about 50 pages. @@ -12,15 +9,20 @@ library(rvest) # For getting the list of physicits ## which gives us something short of a thousand articles #' Retrieve wikipedia articles about physicists -#' +#' #' @param use.cache Use cached data if it exists over downloading new data #' @param write.cache Write downloaded results into cache for use on future calls +#' @param data.dir Directory the data should be read from and/or written to #' @return data.frame containing the title, id, revisionID and html-formatted full text -getData <- function(use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE) { +#' @export +get_data <- function(use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE, data.dir = "data") { + + dest.articlesRDS <- paste(data.dir, "articles.RDS", sep = .Platform$file.sep) + dest.articlesCSV <- paste(data.dir, "articles.csv", sep = .Platform$file.sep) ### First we check if the data already exists and try to load it if it does - if(file.exists("data/articles.RDS") & use.cache ) { + if(file.exists(dest.articlesRDS) && use.cache ) { res <- tryCatch({ - data <- readRDS("data/articles.RDS") + data <- readRDS(dest.articlesRDS) cat("Found chached data to use, import finished.\n") data }, error = function (e) { @@ -28,75 +30,75 @@ getData <- function(use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE) { }) return(res) } - + ### Get the list of names - + # Download page - + cat("Downloading list from wikipedia... ") - + page <- read_html("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physicists") - + cat("Done.\n") - + # Extract links as the names given here are not the article names in about 20 cases - + cat("Processing data:\n") - + physicists <- page %>% html_nodes(".mw-parser-output li a") %>% html_attr("href") - + # Clean the list - + physicists <- physicists[nchar(physicists) > 5] - + length(physicists) <- length(physicists) - 3 - + physicists <- gsub("_", " ", physicists) - + physicists <- gsub("/wiki/", "", physicists) - + physicists <- gsub("\\s*\\([^\\)]+\\)", "", physicists) - + # This is probably only needed on windows (and perhaps os x) as R on windows messes quite a bit with the encoding # On linux `physicists <- URLdecode(physicists)` should do the trick - + physicists <- sapply(physicists, function(x) { tmp <- URLdecode(x) Encoding(tmp) <- "UTF-8" tmp }) - + names(physicists) <- NULL - + cat("Done.\nDownloading articles now. This might take a while.\n") - + ### Get articles - + # Call the wikipedia api for each entry in our list - - articles <- pblapply(physicists, function(x) { + + articles <- pbapply::pblapply(physicists, function(x) { res <- tryCatch({ - article <- page_content("en", "wikipedia", page_name = x, as_wikitext = FALSE) + article <- WikipediR::page_content("en", "wikipedia", page_name = x, as_wikitext = FALSE) # Check if the article is a redirect page if (grepl(".redirectText", article$parse$text$`*`)) { # Get the real article name pname <- read_html(article$parse$text$`*`) %>% html_nodes(".redirectText a") %>% html_attr("href") - + panme <- gsub("_", " ", pname) - + pname <- gsub("/wiki/", "", pname) - + pname <- gsub("\\s*\\([^\\)]+\\)", "", pname) - + tmp <- URLdecode(pname) Encoding(tmp) <- "UTF-8" pname <- tmp - - article <- page_content("en", "wikipedia", page_name = pname, as_wikitext = FALSE) + + article <- WikipediR::page_content("en", "wikipedia", page_name = pname, as_wikitext = FALSE) } data.frame(Title = article$parse$title, PageID = article$parse$pageid, @@ -106,28 +108,28 @@ getData <- function(use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE) { }, error = function(e) { cat("Error: Crawling failed for article", x, "with error message: ", conditionMessage(e),"\n") }) - + }) - + # Bind it all together - + articles <- do.call(rbind, articles) - + cat("Download finished.\n") - + # Write result if desired - + if(write.cache) { - if (!dir.exists("data")) { - dir.create("data") + if (!dir.exists(data.dir)) { + dir.create(data.dir) } cat("Writing data to files... ") - write.table(articles, "data/articles.csv") - saveRDS(articles, "data/articles.RDS") + write.table(articles, dest.articlesCSV) + saveRDS(articles, dest.articlesRDS) cat("Done.\n") } - + cat("Data import finished.\n") - + return(articles) -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/R/get_no_of_spouses.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_no_of_spouses.R new file mode 100755 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0fb31eeec13d9e4724da79a6ec7a3a35253e40b --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/get_no_of_spouses.R @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +### GetNoOfSpouses.R +### This extracts the number of spouses from the infobox +### If no infobox or no information about spouses is found assumes there are none +### Not for use in production, this does not actually get information from text + +# Author: David + +#' Reads the number of spouses from the infobox of an wikipedia article +#' +#' @param article Wikipedia article in html format +#' +#' @return Integer indicating the number of spouses +#' @export +#' +#' @examples +#' \dontrun{ +#' articles <- get_data() +#' +#' no.spouses <- get_no_of_spouses(articles$Text[54]) +#' +#' no,spouses +#' } +get_no_of_spouses <- function(article) { + + # If there is no infobox we assume there were no spouses + if(!grepl("vcard", article)) { + return(0) + } + + infoBox <- get_infobox(article) + + # Get the spouse field + spouses <- infoBox[infoBox$Desc %like% "Spouse",]$Content + # Remove everything in parentheses + spouses <- gsub("\\s*\\([^\\)]+\\)", "", spouses) + # Split the strings by newlines to get one spouse per line + spouses <- strsplit(spouses, "\n") + spouses <- unlist(spouses) + if(length(spouses) > 0) { + return(length(spouses)) + } + return(0) +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/R/import_packages.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/import_packages.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06a0402535bb8b1c9b12d458706eaaf3fba58584 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/import_packages.R @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +### File used to automatically create package imports with roxygen2 +### Note that it is discouraged to import many packages fully to avoid name conflicts +### If possible reference functions directy e.g. reshape2::melt() +### There is a (very) minor performance penalty for ::, +### if some functions are used frequently you may just import them +### with something like @importFrom reshape2 melt cast + +#' @importFrom data.table %like% +#' @importFrom magrittr %>% +NULL \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/R/nlp_annotate.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/nlp_annotate.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c83921ec93dcc21b20cbebec03c1b458a2bd8609 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/nlp_annotate.R @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +#' Initialize the nlp backend +#' +#' A wrapper used to set the python environment and call cnlp_init +#' +#' @param type Type of python env to use, either "conda" or "python" +#' @param value Connection string, if using a conda environment the name of it +#' if using python directly the path to the python executable +#' +#' @return Does not return data +#' @export +#' +#' @examples +#' \dontrun{ +#' init_nlp("conda", "spcy") +#' } +init_nlp <- function(type, value) { + if (type == "conda") { + reticulate::use_condaenv(value, required = TRUE) + } else if (type == "python") { + reticulate::use_python(value, required = TRUE) + } + cleanNLP::cnlp_init_spacy(entity_flag = TRUE) +} + +#' Create annotations for the given text +#' +#' @param text Text to annotate +#' @param article.id ArticleID used for cashing +#' @param article.rev.id ArticleRevisionID used for cashing +#' @param use.cache Should cashed data be uses +#' @param write.cache Should the generated annotations be cashed +#' @param data.dir Directory the data should be read from and/or written to +#' +#' @return Annotation object for use with cleanNLP methods +#' @export +create_annotations <- function(text, article.id, article.rev.id, use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE, data.dir = "data") { + + # Generate filename, for some reason there paste0 will pad the article id with leading whitespaces + # To prevent this we stip 'em again + + filename <- gsub(" ", "", paste(data.dir, "annotations", paste0(article.id, "-", article.rev.id, ".RDS"), sep = .Platform$file.sep), fixed = TRUE) + + # Check if there is a cached version of the annotations for this article in this specific revision + + if(use.cache & file.exists(filename)) { + res <- tryCatch({ + data <- readRDS(filename) + data + }, error = function (e) { + cat("Cached data seems to be corrupted, redoing annotation.\n") + }) + return(res) + } + + annotation <- cleanNLP::cnlp_annotate(text, as_strings = TRUE) + + # Write cache if desired + + if(write.cache) { + if (!dir.exists("data")) { + dir.create("data") + } + if (!dir.exists("data/annotations")) { + dir.create("data/annotations") + } + saveRDS(annotation, filename) + } + + # Return data + # On a side note: Should we do this? The tidyverse style guide discourages explicit returns. + # But then again, it suggests snake case for variables... + + return(annotation) +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/R/utils.R b/processing/wikiproc/R/utils.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a3bc32063ab1f2e2d40bb2b9bcb89fa0bd8ce0e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/R/utils.R @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +### Utility functions used internally + + +#' Extract the inforbox contents from wikipedia articles +#' +#' @param article Character vector containing the contents of an wikipedia +#' article as html +#' +#' @return Data frame holding the contents of the table +#' +#' @examples +#' \dontrun{ +#' articles <- get_data() +#' +#' infobox <- get_infobox(articles$Text[54]) +#' +#' infobox[3:4,] +#' } +get_infobox <- function(article) { + # Read page as html + page <- xml2::read_html(article) + + # Extracting text from the html will erase all <br> tags, + # this will replace them with line breaks + + xml2::xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% + xml2::xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") + + xml2::xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% + xml2::xml_remove() + + # Get the info box + # Will throw an error if there isnt any, so that should be checked beforehand + + table <- page %>% + rvest::html_nodes("table.vcard") %>% + rvest::html_table(fill = TRUE) %>% + .[[1]] + + colnames(table) <- c("Desc", "Content") + + return(table) +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/clean_html.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/clean_html.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f49f4837d4e3ae7caab15fef5fc5180906d2f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/clean_html.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/clean_html.R +\name{clean_html} +\alias{clean_html} +\title{Clean a html formatted wikipedia page. +Nodes of interest from the DOM are extracted and then cleaned from all html +tags and annotations.} +\usage{ +clean_html(html) +} +\arguments{ +\item{html}{Url linking to a wikipedia webpage or a html formatted document.} +} +\value{ +Plaintext document containing only the maintext of the give wikipedia page. +} +\description{ +Clean a html formatted wikipedia page. +Nodes of interest from the DOM are extracted and then cleaned from all html +tags and annotations. +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/create_annotations.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/create_annotations.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..305b279d56dea9811b9c147f0912a005bb1f808e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/create_annotations.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/nlp_annotate.R +\name{create_annotations} +\alias{create_annotations} +\title{Create annotations for the given text} +\usage{ +create_annotations(text, article.id, article.rev.id, use.cache = TRUE, + write.cache = FALSE, data.dir = "data") +} +\arguments{ +\item{text}{Text to annotate} + +\item{article.id}{ArticleID used for cashing} + +\item{article.rev.id}{ArticleRevisionID used for cashing} + +\item{use.cache}{Should cashed data be uses} + +\item{write.cache}{Should the generated annotations be cashed} + +\item{data.dir}{Directory the data should be read from and/or written to} +} +\value{ +Annotation object for use with cleanNLP methods +} +\description{ +Create annotations for the given text +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/getIntroduction.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/getIntroduction.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5778a54c4f1ea2fab27a1344565267b8469cc967 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/getIntroduction.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/get_birthdate.R +\name{getIntroduction} +\alias{getIntroduction} +\title{Get Introduction Text from Wikipedia page that contains birthdate} +\usage{ +getIntroduction(article) +} +\arguments{ +\item{article}{article in HTML-format} +} +\value{ +string introduction text from wikipedia article +} +\description{ +Get Introduction Text from Wikipedia page that contains birthdate +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthdate.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthdate.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e77780e95a0ad417d6fb3a2171ae9cad270075e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthdate.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/get_birthdate.R +\name{get_birthdate} +\alias{get_birthdate} +\title{Extract birthdate from infobox +Will try to get infobox as table and extract birthdate +from 'Born'-entry +If there is no infobox, first paragraph of the article +will be checked for birthdate} +\usage{ +get_birthdate(article) +} +\arguments{ +\item{article}{Article in HTML-format} +} +\value{ +String birthdate as string|NULL +} +\description{ +Extract birthdate from infobox +Will try to get infobox as table and extract birthdate +from 'Born'-entry +If there is no infobox, first paragraph of the article +will be checked for birthdate +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthplace.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthplace.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0db95fed89b30e3377511901914a0766b139ba81 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_birthplace.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/get_birthplace.R +\name{get_birthplace} +\alias{get_birthplace} +\title{This script extracts Birthplace from physicist texts +Try to get the infobox and extract the birthplace +If there is no infobox, 0 will be returned as +birthplace is hard to extract from text} +\usage{ +get_birthplace(article) +} +\arguments{ +\item{article}{Article in HTML-format} +} +\value{ +String with birthplace of the physicist|0 +} +\description{ +This script extracts Birthplace from physicist texts +Try to get the infobox and extract the birthplace +If there is no infobox, 0 will be returned as +birthplace is hard to extract from text +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/get_data.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_data.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cec7d173ad8abf28d0811a9f6ed2a00cc3f77b13 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_data.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/get_data.R +\name{get_data} +\alias{get_data} +\title{Retrieve wikipedia articles about physicists} +\usage{ +get_data(use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE, data.dir = "data") +} +\arguments{ +\item{use.cache}{Use cached data if it exists over downloading new data} + +\item{write.cache}{Write downloaded results into cache for use on future calls} + +\item{data.dir}{Directory the data should be read from and/or written to} +} +\value{ +data.frame containing the title, id, revisionID and html-formatted full text +} +\description{ +Retrieve wikipedia articles about physicists +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/get_infobox.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_infobox.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef8d03180df7bce6c794ee1f7377e22de96c06af --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_infobox.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/utils.R +\name{get_infobox} +\alias{get_infobox} +\title{Extract the inforbox contents from wikipedia articles} +\usage{ +get_infobox(article) +} +\arguments{ +\item{article}{Character vector containing the contents of an wikipedia +article as html} +} +\value{ +Data frame holding the contents of the table +} +\description{ +Extract the inforbox contents from wikipedia articles +} +\examples{ +\dontrun{ +articles <- get_data() + +infobox <- get_infobox(articles$Text[54]) + +infobox[3:4,] +} +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/get_no_of_spouses.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_no_of_spouses.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..131c526cb56e28994b3295be2ada26343ecfb103 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/get_no_of_spouses.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/get_no_of_spouses.R +\name{get_no_of_spouses} +\alias{get_no_of_spouses} +\title{Reads the number of spouses from the infobox of an wikipedia article} +\usage{ +get_no_of_spouses(article) +} +\arguments{ +\item{article}{Wikipedia article in html format} +} +\value{ +Integer indicating the number of spouses +} +\description{ +Reads the number of spouses from the infobox of an wikipedia article +} +\examples{ +\dontrun{ +articles <- get_data() + +no.spouses <- get_no_of_spouses(articles$Text[54]) + +no,spouses +} +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/man/init_nlp.Rd b/processing/wikiproc/man/init_nlp.Rd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47644aaed461189eefcea0cfaf43dfcbcb1f045e --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/man/init_nlp.Rd @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand +% Please edit documentation in R/nlp_annotate.R +\name{init_nlp} +\alias{init_nlp} +\title{Initialize the nlp backend} +\usage{ +init_nlp(type, value) +} +\arguments{ +\item{type}{Type of python env to use, either "conda" or "python"} + +\item{value}{Connection string, if using a conda environment the name of it +if using python directly the path to the python executable} +} +\value{ +Does not return data +} +\description{ +A wrapper used to set the python environment and call cnlp_init +} +\examples{ +\dontrun{ +init_nlp("conda", "spcy") +} +} diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat.R b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34254824423baccfdba6b8dc895a8c92726cdb86 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat.R @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +library(testthat) +library(wikiproc) + +test_check("wikiproc") + diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-cleansed.txt b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-cleansed.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eda802f4b5e2e655dae6f4c33b0d1a8a701ec099 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-cleansed.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +Academician Hasan Abdullayev (also spelled as Gasan Mamed Bagir ogly Abdullaev; Azerbaijani: HÉ™sÉ™n MÉ™mmÉ™dbağır oÄŸlu Abdullayev ; Russian: ГаÑан Мамед Багир оглы Ðбдуллаев ; August 20, 1918 – September 1, 1993) was a leading top Soviet and Azerbaijani physicist, scientist and public official, President of the National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was a Doctor of Sciences in physics and mathematics, Professor of physics and mathematics, Director of the Institute of Mathematics and Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, full Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 1970-1983 was the longest-serving President of the National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. He was also an elected member of the Azerbaijan SSR Parliament, and the elected member of the 8th, 9th and 10th convocations of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Academician Abdullayev was one of the founders of the Soviet semiconductors physics and a leading scientist in new technologies. He made an outstanding contribution to the development of electronics, astrophysics, aeronautics, medicine, biophysics and defense industries. Academician Abdullayev was the author of 585 Soviet and foreign patents, including 171 secret and 65 top secret patents, author of 28 scientific books (monographs), over 800 journal and encyclopedia articles in English, Russian and Azerbaijani languages. +Hasan Abdullayev was born on August 20, 1918, in Yaycı, Nakhchivan during the time of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. He died on September 1, 1993, in Baku, and was buried at the Alley of Honor. +Hasan Abdullayev's name was memorialized by naming the Institute of Physics of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, which he led and expanded into a world-class scientific research institute in 1957-1993, after him, as well as naming a street in downtown Baku, installing a plaque on the apartment complex he lived in, and naming a primary school in Nakhchivan. Additionally, several scholarships named after him have been awarded to undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate science students in Azerbaijan from 2003. Every five years conferences dedicated to his scientific heritage have been held in Baku, such as in 2013, 2007, and 2003. Spoke native Azerbaijani, was fluent in Russian and German, as well as English. Married, with three children, and six grandchildren. +Academician Abdullayev dedicated over fifty years of his life to the physics of semiconductors. Discovered new groups of binary and ternary compounds of selenium and tellurium, suggested diodes with controlled electronic memory, created complex semiconductors used as receivers for visible and infrared spectrum areas. By researching the physics of selenium and selenium appliances, was the first to explain the abnormalities in selenium and invented an approach to control them. Carried out a set of research projects to receive semiconductor monocrystals of complex chemical composition for lasers and memory modules. Elaborated new semiconductor materials for heat converters. +In 1954, Hasan Abdullayev founded the Department of Semiconductor Physics at the Baku State University (BSU). Abdullayev founded the Nakhchivan and Gyandja branches of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences and established more than 50 scientific production and construction bureaus, which were tasked with the application of scientific theories and discoveries, and their more rapid introduction into production and life, in the republic. +According to a 2010 article published in the Russian scientific journal Physics and technique of semiconductors of the Joffe Institute, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of semiconductor electronics research in the USSR, one of the important roles in Soviet semiconductor electronics research, development and innovation was done by academician Abdullayev. +Academician Abdullayev's lifelong research and work concentrated on chemical elements selenium and tellurium, their applications in semiconductors, biophysics and nuclear sciences. +Zhores Alferov, the Nobel-prize winning physicist, praised the work and legacy of his late colleague and friend, academician Abdullayev, recognizing how hard it was for Azerbaijani scientists to rise even within USSR, much less in the world, and only a few people as Abdullayev managed to do it, creating new industries and directions in physics and other sciences. +At the initiative and under the direct leadership of academician Hasan Abdullayev the following research and scientific institutions and initiatives were established: Academician Hasan Abdullayev was honored with the top Soviet award - the Order of Lenin in 1978, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Vavilov Gold Medal of the Federation of Cosmonautics Siolkovsky Gold Medal of the Federation of Cosmonautics, was laureate of Azerbaijan SSR State Award in 1972, was an Honored Scientist of Azerbaijan SSR, and with other medals and prestigious Soviet and international scientific awards. +Academician Hasan Abdullayev is the author of 28 monographs, several scientific textbooks, approximately six hundred scientific journal articles. He holds 585 patents from USSR (including 171 secret and 65 top secret patents for technologies with military applications), and 35 foreign patents from France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Sweden, Italy, Bulgaria, India, and U.S. (United States Patent 3,472,652). +Academician Abdullayev received highest praise from his colleagues, including Nobel Prize winner academician Zhores Alferov, Nobel Prize winner academician Alexander Prokhorov, Kurchatov Institute President and Director Evgeny Velikhov, academician Bentsion Vul, academician Vladimir Tuchkevich, academician Sergey Kapitsa, academician Roald Sagdeev, Nobel Prize winner professor Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer, academician Nikolay Bogolyubov, Soviet Academy of Sciences Presidents academician Alexander Nesmeyanov, academician Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov, academician Mstislav Keldysh and other Soviet and foreign scientists. +According to a 2008 article, "Academician Abdullayev was called the Father of Physics in Azerbaijan and one of the Founders of the School of Semiconductor Research in the Soviet Union by such authoritative scientists as academicians Zh.Alferov, Yu.Gulyaev, L.Kurbatov, V.Isakov, Professor D.Nasledov, and others. In fact, the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the most authoritative Soviet encyclopedia - the Soviet equivalent of the Encyclopædia Britannica in the West, listed the names of scientists, making the greatest contributions to the development of semiconductor electronics and microelectronics in this order: A.F.Ioffe (who was Abdullayev's mentor during his postdoctoral studies in Leningrad), N.P.Sazhin, Ya.I.Frenkel, B.M.Vul, V.M.Tuchkevich, H.B.Abdullayev, Zh.I.Alferov, L.V.Keldish, and others (Third Edition, 1970, page 351). Thus, already in 1970, this encyclopedia put academician Abdullayev as the sixth most influential scientist in semi-conductor research, higher than such giants as Academicians Alferov and Keldish!" +Academician Abdullayev was recognized as the top expert on the chemical element selenium, and thus entrusted authoring the article on selenium in the third (final) edition of the top scientific reference publication - the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Original quote in Russian: "Модель Ñ Ð¸Ñпользованием Ñтруктуры Ñ p−n-переходом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÑÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð¿Ñ€ÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñеленовых выпрÑмителÑÑ… предлагалаÑÑŒ Д.Ð. ÐаÑледовым и Г.Б. Ðбдуллаевым. ÐеÑÐ¼Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ Ð½Ð° многочиÑленные иÑÑледованиÑ, Ñ‚ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ñ„ÑƒÐ½ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ… выпрÑмителей на оÑнове закиÑи меди и Ñелена в течение многих лет не была Ñоздана." +Original quote in Russian: "ÐÐ°Ñ‡Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ 1960-года, и примерно до 1987 года в Баку Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð» много раз. Затем приезжал Ñюда в 2003 году, принÑÑ‚ÑŒ учаÑтие в праздновании 85 лет Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ³Ð¾ друга, покойного президента ÐзербайджанÑкой академии наук ГаÑана Багировича Ðбдуллаева. Тогда же Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ñ‹Ð²Ð°Ð» в ИнÑтитуте физики Ðкадемии наук Ðзербайджана. ОбрадовалÑÑ, что он ÑохранилÑÑ.... Ðо дело в том, что и в ÑоветÑкое Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ€Ð±Ð°Ð¹Ð´Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ñ†Ð°Ð¼ было нелегко иметь доÑтаточно прочные позиции, не то, чтобы в мировой, но и в ÑоветÑкой науке. Г. Ðбдуллаев был очень талантливым физиком. Он понимал, что физика полупроводников - ÑˆÐ¸Ñ€Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¼Ñ‹ÑˆÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ñти нужно развивать многое. Ðо в целом ИнÑтитут должен иметь Ñвое лицо. И он его Ñоздал - Ñто ÑлоиÑтые полупроводники на оÑнове Ñелена, которые нашли маÑÑу применений в опцеÑлектронике, в оптике. И Ñто очень хорошо. Люди на Ñтом роÑли и развивалиÑÑŒ. ПоÑвилÑÑ Ñ†ÐµÐ»Ñ‹Ð¹ Ñ€Ñд отраÑлевых организаций. Я не могу Ñказать как обÑтоÑÑ‚ дела Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ в Ðзербайджане ÑегоднÑ, но думаю, что они далеки от благополучиÑ." +Original quote from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian: "Большой вклад в Ñоздание Полупроводниковой Ñлектроники внеÑли ÑоветÑкие учёные — физики и инженеры (Ð. Ф. Иоффе, Ð. П. Сажин, Я. И. Френкель, Б. Ðœ. Вул, Ð’. Ðœ. Тучкевич, Г. Б. Ðбдулаев, Ж. И. Ðлферов, К. Ð. Валиев, Ю. П. Докучаев, Л. Ð’. Келдыш, С. Г. Калашников, Ð’. Г. КолеÑников, Ð. Ð’. КраÑилов, Ð’. Е, Лашкарёв, Я. Ð. Федотов и многие др.)." Ð. И. Шокин. ÐŸÐ¾Ð»ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлектроника. Ð‘Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑнциклопедиÑ. — Ðœ.: СоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½Ñ†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ 1969—1978. diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-raw.html b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-raw.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a27f0570b2c6be7b2603b84b81f24cd590f3cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/article-4-raw.html @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +<div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Abdullayev Hasan Mamedbagir oglu</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-08-20</span>)</span>August 20, 1918<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Yayc%C4%B1" title="Yaycı">Yaycı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Died</th><td>September 1, 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-09-01)</span> (aged 75)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Residence</th><td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Citizenship</th><td class="category"><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Alma mater</th><td><a href="/wiki/Ioffe_Institute" title="Ioffe Institute">Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Order of Lenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour" title="Order of the Red Banner of Labour">Order of the Red Banner of Labour</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vavilov_Gold_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vavilov Gold Medal (page does not exist)">Vavilov Gold Medal</a>, Azerbaijan State Prize</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Fields</th><td class="category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Institutions</th><td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Abram_Ioffe" title="Abram Ioffe">Abram Ioffe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Nasledov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Nasledov (page does not exist)">Dmitry Nasledov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> +</td></tr></tbody></table> +<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg/150px-Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg/225px-Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="175" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Azerbaijan_833.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Stamp dedicated to the 90th anniversary of academician Hasan Abdullayev's birthday, issued in 2008 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div></div></div> +<p><b>Academician Hasan Abdullayev</b> (also spelled as Gasan Mamed Bagir ogly Abdullaev; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">HÉ™sÉ™n MÉ™mmÉ™dbağır oÄŸlu Abdullayev</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">ГаÑан Мамед Багир оглы Ðбдуллаев</span>; August 20, 1918 – September 1, 1993) was a leading<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> top<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijani</a> physicist, scientist and public official, President of the National Academy of Sciences of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a>. He was a Doctor of Sciences in physics and mathematics, Professor of physics and mathematics, Director of the Institute of Mathematics and Physics of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR</a>, full Academician of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR</a>, corresponding member of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Academy of Sciences">Soviet Academy of Sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>, and in 1970-1983 was the longest-serving President of the National Academy of Sciences of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> He was also an elected member of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a> Parliament, and the elected member of the 8th, 9th and 10th convocations of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Academician Abdullayev was one of the founders of the Soviet semiconductors physics and a leading scientist in new technologies. He made an outstanding contribution to the development of electronics, astrophysics, aeronautics, medicine, biophysics and defense industries. Academician Abdullayev was the author of 585 Soviet and foreign patents, including 171 secret and 65 top secret patents, author of 28 scientific books (monographs), over 800 journal and encyclopedia articles in English, Russian and Azerbaijani languages. +</p> +<div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> +<ul> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Work"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Work</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Awards"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Awards</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Scientific_efforts_and_peer_recognition"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific efforts and peer recognition</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Publications"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Publications</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> +<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> +</ul> +</div> + +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<p>Hasan Abdullayev was born on August 20, 1918, in <a href="/wiki/Yayc%C4%B1" title="Yaycı">Yaycı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a> during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>. He died on September 1, 1993, in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, and was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Alley_of_Honor" title="Alley of Honor">Alley of Honor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> +</p><p>Hasan Abdullayev's name was memorialized by naming the Institute of Physics of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, which he led and expanded into a world-class scientific research institute in 1957-1993, after him, as well as naming a street in downtown Baku, installing a plaque on the apartment complex he lived in, and naming a primary school in Nakhchivan. Additionally, several scholarships named after him have been awarded to undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate science students in Azerbaijan from 2003. Every five years conferences dedicated to his scientific heritage have been held in Baku, such as in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> 2007, and 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> +</p> +<ul><li>1948 – 1950 – Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1950 – Acting Director of the Research Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1955 – Corresponding Member of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1957 – Director of the Research Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1957 – 1993 – Founder and Permanent Director of the Institute of Physics of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences, a leading physics research institute in the USSR, winner of 12 Soviet awards</li> +<li>1967 – Full Academician of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1968 – 1993 – Member of Joint Physics Astronomy Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences, member of the Scientific Council "Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductors" of Presidium of USSR Academy of Sciences, Member of Supreme Attestation Commission of USSR</li> +<li>1968 – 1970 – Academic-Secretary of the Physics and Mathematics Department of Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1970 – Corresponding Member of the USSR and Russian Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1970 – 1983 – President of Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences</li> +<li>1970 – 1984 – Member of the USSR and Azerbaijan SSR Supreme Parliaments</li></ul> +<p>Spoke native Azerbaijani, was fluent in Russian and German, as well as English. Married, with three children, and six grandchildren. +</p> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Work">Work</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<p>Academician Abdullayev dedicated over fifty years of his life to the physics of semiconductors. Discovered new groups of binary and ternary compounds of <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a>, suggested diodes with controlled electronic memory, created complex semiconductors used as receivers for visible and infrared spectrum areas. By researching the physics of selenium and selenium appliances, was the first to explain the abnormalities in selenium and invented an approach to control them. Carried out a set of research projects to receive semiconductor monocrystals of complex chemical composition for lasers and memory modules. Elaborated new semiconductor materials for heat converters. +</p><p>In 1954, Hasan Abdullayev founded the Department of Semiconductor Physics at the <a href="/wiki/Baku_State_University" title="Baku State University">Baku State University</a> (BSU).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Abdullayev founded the Nakhchivan and Gyandja branches of the Azerbaijan SSR Academy of Sciences and established more than 50 scientific production and construction bureaus, which were tasked with the application of scientific theories and discoveries, and their more rapid introduction into production and life, in the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> +</p><p>According to a 2010 article published in the Russian scientific journal <i>Physics and technique of semiconductors</i> of the Joffe Institute, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of semiconductor electronics research in the USSR, one of the important roles in Soviet semiconductor electronics research, development and innovation was done by academician Abdullayev.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> +</p><p>Academician Abdullayev's lifelong research and work concentrated on chemical elements <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a>, their applications in <a href="/wiki/Semiconductors" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductors">semiconductors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a> and nuclear sciences. +</p><p><a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Zhores Alferov</a>, the Nobel-prize winning physicist, praised the work and legacy of his late colleague and friend, academician Abdullayev, recognizing how hard it was for Azerbaijani scientists to rise even within USSR, much less in the world, and only a few people as Abdullayev managed to do it, creating new industries and directions in physics and other sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> +</p><p>At the initiative and under the direct leadership of academician Hasan Abdullayev the following research and scientific institutions and initiatives were established:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> +</p> +<ul><li>1947 – Citywide (later Republican) seminars on physics in Baku</li> +<li>1954 – Department of Semiconductor Physics established at the Baku State University</li> +<li>1957-1959 – Institute of Physics and Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics</li> +<li>1959 – Shemakha Astrophysical Observatory, based on the astrophysics Sector</li> +<li>1965 – Institute of Cybernetics established</li> +<li>1967 – Batabat Astrophysical Sector (now Observatory) in Nakhchivan region</li> +<li>1969 – Radiation Research Sector, later the Institute of Radiation Problems, on the basis of which the National Centre for Nuclear Research has been created in 2014</li> +<li>1970 – Scientific-production associations «Ulduz», «Nord», «Azon», «Iskra», «Tellur», «Billur» (1968)</li> +<li>1972 – Nakhchivan Research Center, which is now the Nakhchivan Department of ANAS (National Academy of the Republic of Azerbaijan)</li> +<li>1972 – Sector of Microbiology (now Institute); Experimental-production works at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes</li> +<li>1973 – The branch of the Institute of Applied Physics, which is now the Institute of Photo-electronics;</li> +<li>1973—Sheki Zonal Scientific Base, which became the Sheki Regional Research Center</li> +<li>1974 – Department of Astrophysics at the Baku State University;</li> +<li>1974 -- "Caspian" Research Center at the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, since 1992 – Azerbaijan Space Agency</li> +<li>1975 – two Laboratories of High Energy Physics at the Institute of Physics. Collaborative research with the Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna) and the Institute of High Energy Physics (Serpukhov)</li> +<li>1976 – The Sector of Physics of the Earth at the Institute of Geology;</li> +<li>1976—Research and Development Institute of viticulture and winemaking in Mehtiabad region of Azerbaijan</li> +<li>1978 – Institute of Space Research of Earth Natural Resources (first of a kind in the world)</li> +<li>1978—Institute of Organochlorine Synthesis in Sumgayit.</li> +<li>1978 – Special Construction Bureau (SCB) "Cybernetics". SCB with pilot plant "Crystal"; Darndag SCB Technology Bureau with Pilot Plant</li> +<li>1979—Seysmic Station in Guba. (under aegid of "Geophysics" scientific center of ANA)</li> +<li>1979 – Agsu Research and Development base in Khanlar region</li> +<li>1980-1981 – Regional Scientific Center in Ganja (then called Kirovabad)</li> +<li>1981 – Pilot Plant "Selenium"; "Register" with pilot production; Special Construction-Technological Bureau (SKTB) "Reagent". (1982); Special Construction Bureau (SKB) "Crystal" in Baku (1985) and other scientific institutions and technology productions</li></ul> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards">Awards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<p>Academician Hasan Abdullayev was honored with the top Soviet award - the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Order of Lenin</a> in 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour" title="Order of the Red Banner of Labour">Order of the Red Banner of Labour</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the Vavilov Gold Medal of the Federation of Cosmonautics<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> Siolkovsky Gold Medal of the Federation of Cosmonautics, was laureate of Azerbaijan SSR State Award in 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> was an Honored Scientist of Azerbaijan SSR,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> and with other medals and prestigious Soviet and international scientific awards. +</p> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientific_efforts_and_peer_recognition">Scientific efforts and peer recognition</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific efforts and peer recognition">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<p>Academician Hasan Abdullayev is the author of 28 monographs, several scientific textbooks, approximately six hundred scientific journal articles. He holds 585 patents from USSR (including 171 secret and 65 top secret patents for technologies with military applications),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> and 35 foreign patents from France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Sweden, Italy, Bulgaria, India, and U.S. (United States Patent 3,472,652).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> +</p><p>Academician Abdullayev received highest praise from his colleagues, including <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner academician <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Zhores Alferov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner academician <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Alexander Prokhorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurchatov_Institute" title="Kurchatov Institute">Kurchatov Institute</a> President and Director <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Velikhov" title="Evgeny Velikhov">Evgeny Velikhov</a>, academician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentsion_Vul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentsion Vul (page does not exist)">Bentsion Vul</a>, academician Vladimir Tuchkevich,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> academician <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kapitsa" title="Sergey Kapitsa">Sergey Kapitsa</a>, academician <a href="/wiki/Roald_Sagdeev" title="Roald Sagdeev">Roald Sagdeev</a>, Nobel Prize winner professor <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_Mossbauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer">Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer</a>, academician <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Bogolyubov" title="Nikolay Bogolyubov">Nikolay Bogolyubov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GSE_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSE-22">[22]</a></sup> Soviet Academy of Sciences Presidents academician Alexander Nesmeyanov, academician <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Petrovich_Alexandrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov">Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov</a>, academician <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Keldysh" title="Mstislav Keldysh">Mstislav Keldysh</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> and other Soviet and foreign scientists. +</p><p>According to a 2008 article, "Academician Abdullayev was called the Father of Physics in Azerbaijan and one of the Founders of the School of Semiconductor Research in the Soviet Union by such authoritative scientists as academicians Zh.Alferov, Yu.Gulyaev, L.Kurbatov, V.Isakov, Professor D.Nasledov, and others. In fact, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>, the most authoritative Soviet encyclopedia - the Soviet equivalent of the Encyclopædia Britannica in the West, listed the names of scientists, making the greatest contributions to the development of semiconductor electronics and microelectronics in this order: A.F.Ioffe (who was Abdullayev's mentor during his postdoctoral studies in Leningrad), N.P.Sazhin, Ya.I.Frenkel, B.M.Vul, V.M.Tuchkevich, H.B.Abdullayev, Zh.I.Alferov, L.V.Keldish, and others (Third Edition, 1970, page 351).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Thus, already in 1970, this encyclopedia put academician Abdullayev as the sixth most influential scientist in semi-conductor research, higher than such giants as Academicians Alferov and Keldish!"<sup id="cite_ref-GSE_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSE-22">[22]</a></sup> +</p><p>Academician Abdullayev was recognized as the top expert on the chemical element <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, and thus entrusted authoring the article on selenium in the third (final) edition of the top scientific reference publication - the <a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> +</p> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Publications">Publications</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<ul><li>Atomic Diffusion in Semiconductor Structures. G.Abdullaev, Gasan Mamed Bagir ogly Abdullaev. Harwood Academic Publishers, Jan 1, 1987 — Science — 340 pages London-Paris-New York-Melbourne. ÐÑ‚Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ñ„Ñ„ÑƒÐ·Ð¸Ñ Ð² полупроводниковых Ñтруктурах. Г.Б.Ðбдуллаев и др. Ðтомиздат. МоÑква., 1980</li> +<li>Electronic semiconductors and their application. Abdullayev G.B., Acad.of Sc.Azerb.SSR., Baku, 1952. Ðлектронные полупроводники и их применение. Elektron yarımkeçiricilÉ™r. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б., Изд. ÐÐ Ðз.ССР, Bakı, 1952.</li> +<li>The free electrons and the physical basis of their application. Abdullayev G.B. Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, 1954. SÉ™rbÉ™st elektron vÉ™ onun tÉ™tbiqinin fiziki É™sasları. AzÉ™rb.SSR ElmlÉ™r Akademiyası., nəşriyatı Bakı,1954.Свободные Ñлектроны и физичеÑкие оÑновы их применениÑ. ÐÐºÐ°Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑƒÐº Ðз.ССР, Баку, 1954</li> +<li>Semiconductor Rectifiers. Abdullayev G.B. Press of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku (1958). (Полупроводниковые выпрÑмители), (YarımkeçiricilÉ™r düzlÉ™ndiricilÉ™r. Yarıiletken doÄŸrultucular). Г.Б.Ðбдуллаев. изд. ÐÐ Ðз.ССР, Bakı, AzÉ™rb.SSR ElmlÉ™r Akademiyası Nəşriyatı, 1958, 204 c.</li> +<li>Physical Processes Occurring in Selenium and Selenium Devices.Abdullayev G.B. Press of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, (1959).ФизичеÑкие процеÑÑÑ‹, проиÑходÑщие в Ñелене и Ñеленовых приборах. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б., Баку., изд. ÐÐ Ðз.ССР, 1959.</li> +<li>Questions of Metallurgy and Physics of Semiconductors. ВопроÑÑ‹ металлургии и физики полупроводников. Aбдуллаев Г.Б., МоÑква, изд. ÐРСССР, 1959.</li> +<li>Semiconductors. Abdullayev G.B. Bakı, AzÉ™rb.SSR ElmlÉ™r Akademiyası Nəşriyatı, 1961. -91s.</li> +<li>Surface and contact phenomena in Semiconductors Abdullayev G.B. Tomsk University Press, Tomsk (1964).ПоверхноÑтные и контактные ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² полупроводниках. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. 1964., изд. ТомÑк. ун-та. (РоÑÑиÑ)</li> +<li>Radioisotopes and their Application in Semiconductor Physics. Abdullayev G.B. Press of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, (1964).Радиоизотопы и их применение в физике полупроводников. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др. изд. ÐÐ ÐзССР, Баку, 1964.</li> +<li>Investigation of the effect of Tellurium sublayer on the properties of selenium valves. ИÑÑледование влиÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ»Ð¾Ñ Ð¢Ðµ на ÑвойÑтва Ñеленовых вентилей. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др.изд. ФИÐÐ, Баку, 1964.</li> +<li>Selenium, Tellurium and Their Application. Abdullayev G.B. Press of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, (1965).Селен,Теллур и их применение. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др. изд. ÐÐ Ðзерб. ССР.Баку., 1965</li> +<li>Semiconductor components in instrumentation engineering. Полупроводниковые Ñлементы в прибороÑтроении (ТÐТК). Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др. изд. Оптприбор, МоÑква 1966</li> +<li>Compound Semiconductors. Abdullayev G.B., Press of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, (1966). (Slozhniye Poluprovodniki).</li> +<li>Spectroscopy of solids. Abdullayev G.B., "Nauka"., Leningrad, 1969. СпектроÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚Ð²ÐµÑ€Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ тела. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др.изд. «Ðаука», Ленинград, 1969</li> +<li>Some Questions in the Physics of p--n Junctions. Abdullayev G.B. Elm, Baku,1971. Ðекоторые вопроÑÑ‹ физики Ñлектронно-дырочных переходов., Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др., Изд, "Ðлм", Баку, 1971</li> +<li>Radiation Physics of Non-metallic crystals. Abdullayev G.B. "Naukova Dumka", Kiev,1971. Ð Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ° неметалличеÑких криÑталлов. Aбдуллаев Г.Б. и др.«Ðаукова думка»., Киев,1971</li> +<li>Selenium and Vision. Abdullayev G.B. "Elm", Baku, 1972. Селен и зрение. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др.изд."Ðлм", Баку, 1972.</li> +<li>Selenium limiters. Abdullayev G.B., Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku,1973. Селеновые ограничители. Baku, 1973. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др.изд. ИФÐÐ, Ðз,ССР, Баку, 1973</li> +<li>Effect of selenium on immunological features of plasma irradiated animals.(Radiobiology). Abdullayev G.B., Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR., Baku, 1973. ВлиÑние Ñелена на иммунологичеÑкие оÑобенноÑти плазмы крови облученных животных. (РадиобиологиÑ) Г.Б.Ðбдуллаев.и др. изд. ÐÐ Ðзерб. ССР., 1973</li> +<li>Physical Properties of Selenium and Selenium Devices. Abdullayev G.B. Elm, Baku(1974). ФизичеÑкие ÑвойÑтва Ñелена и Ñеленовых приборов. Г.Б.Ðбдуллаев и др.Баку., изд. Ðлм., 1974</li> +<li>Semiconductor converters. Abdullayev G.B. Yarımkeçirici çeviricilÉ™ri. Полупроводниковые преобразователи. Баку., Изд. «Ðлм», 1974</li> +<li>Selenium in Biology. Abdullayev G.B. "Elm", Baku, 1974. Селен в Биологии. Г.Б.Ðбдуллаев. Баку., Изд. «Ðлм», 1974</li> +<li>Selenium Fritter. Abdullayev G.B., Ä°nst.of Phys.Azerb Ac of Science, Baku, 1974, Фриттер Ñеленовый. Ðбдуллаев Г.Б. и др. изд. ИФÐÐ Ðз.ССР, Баку, 1974</li> +<li>Physics of Selenium. Abdullayev G.B. 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"Препринт",изд. ИФÐÐ, Ðз,ССР, Баку, 1993</li> +<li>Study the impact of accelerated electrons to SiO2. Abdullayev G.B. 1994., ИÑÑледование воздейÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑƒÑкоренных Ñлектронов на SiO2. Aбдуллаев Г.Б.</li></ul> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> +<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> +<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azermarka.az/en/2008.php?subaction=showfull&id=1231327505&archive=&start_from=&ucat=36&">"21.07.2008. 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Ðачальные Ñтапы ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ñлектроники в СССР(К 60-летию Ð¾Ñ‚ÐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð·Ð¸Ñтора). Обзор"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Редактор Т.Ð. ПолÑнÑкаÑ. Физика и техника полупроводников, 2010, том 44, вып. 5. Федеральное гоÑударÑтвенное унитарное предприÑтие «Ðаучно-производÑтвенное объединение "Орион"», 111123 МоÑква, РоÑÑиÑ. September 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92.%D0%98.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%28%D0%9A+60-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%29.+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80.&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ioffe.ru%2Fftp%2F2010%2F05%2Fp577-583.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r856303468">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Original quote in Russian: "Модель Ñ Ð¸Ñпользованием Ñтруктуры Ñ p−n-переходом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÑÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñ‹Ð¿Ñ€ÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñеленовых выпрÑмителÑÑ… предлагалаÑÑŒ Д.Ð. ÐаÑледовым и Г.Б. Ðбдуллаевым. ÐеÑÐ¼Ð¾Ñ‚Ñ€Ñ Ð½Ð° многочиÑленные иÑÑледованиÑ, Ñ‚ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ñ„ÑƒÐ½ÐºÑ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ… выпрÑмителей на оÑнове закиÑи меди и Ñелена в течение многих лет не была Ñоздана." +</p></blockquote></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1news.az/society/20070926081606748.html">"Ð’Ñ‹Ñтупление Лауреата ÐобелевÑкой премии, Вице-Президента РоÑÑийÑкой Ðкадемии Ðаук ЖореÑа Ивановича Ðлферова на Международной конференции, поÑвÑщенной 85-летию академика ГаÑана Багировича Ðбдуллаева"</a>. Рена ÐббаÑова, 1news.az. 2007-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+85-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2007-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1news.az%2Fsociety%2F20070926081606748.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Original quote in Russian: "ÐÐ°Ñ‡Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ 1960-года, и примерно до 1987 года в Баку Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð» много раз. Затем приезжал Ñюда в 2003 году, принÑÑ‚ÑŒ учаÑтие в праздновании 85 лет Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ³Ð¾ друга, покойного президента ÐзербайджанÑкой академии наук ГаÑана Багировича Ðбдуллаева. Тогда же Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ñ‹Ð²Ð°Ð» в ИнÑтитуте физики Ðкадемии наук Ðзербайджана. ОбрадовалÑÑ, что он ÑохранилÑÑ. ... Ðо дело в том, что и в ÑоветÑкое Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ€Ð±Ð°Ð¹Ð´Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ñ†Ð°Ð¼ было нелегко иметь доÑтаточно прочные позиции, не то, чтобы в мировой, но и в ÑоветÑкой науке. Г. Ðбдуллаев был очень талантливым физиком. Он понимал, что физика полупроводников - ÑˆÐ¸Ñ€Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ. Ð”Ð»Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¼Ñ‹ÑˆÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ñти нужно развивать многое. Ðо в целом ИнÑтитут должен иметь Ñвое лицо. И он его Ñоздал - Ñто ÑлоиÑтые полупроводники на оÑнове Ñелена, которые нашли маÑÑу применений в опцеÑлектронике, в оптике. И Ñто очень хорошо. Люди на Ñтом роÑли и развивалиÑÑŒ. ПоÑвилÑÑ Ñ†ÐµÐ»Ñ‹Ð¹ Ñ€Ñд отраÑлевых организаций. Я не могу Ñказать как обÑтоÑÑ‚ дела Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ в Ðзербайджане ÑегоднÑ, но думаю, что они далеки от благополучиÑ." +</p></blockquote></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.gov.az/Dom/2003/v2article/f20030902600_Alf.pdf">"Ð–Ð¾Ñ€ÐµÑ Ðлферов: "Ðкадемии наук РоÑÑии и Ðзербайджана должны реформироватьÑÑ<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Academy of Sciences. 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Academician+Hasan+Abdullayev+Website&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.zerbaijan.com%2Fpatents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gasan Mamed Bagir Ogly Abdullaev and 5 more (March 15, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US3472652">"U.S. Patent - Semiconducting material - US 3472652 A"</a>. U.S. Patents Office (USPTO)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Patent+-+Semiconducting+material+-+US+3472652+A&rft.date=1966-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fpatents%2FUS3472652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Zhores I Alferov, E P Velikhov, B M Vul, A M Prokhorov, M A Topchibashev and V M Tuchkevich (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0038-5670/21/10/M12/pdf/PHU_21_10_M12.pdf">"Gasan Mamed Bagir ogly Abdullaev (on his sixtieth birthday)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Soviet Physics Uspekhi (Publication of the Soviet Academy of Sciences), Volume 21, Number 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gasan+Mamed+Bagir+ogly+Abdullaev+%28on+his+sixtieth+birthday%29&rft.date=1978&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2F0038-5670%2F21%2F10%2FM12%2Fpdf%2FPHU_21_10_M12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Uses_authors_parameter" title="Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-GSE-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GSE_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GSE_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai113_folder/113_articles/113_science_abdullayev.html">"Science and the Academy. Physicist Hasan Abdullayev - 85th Jubilee"</a>. Azerbaijan International Magazine (Los Angeles, California, USA). 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Science+and+the+Academy.+Physicist+Hasan+Abdullayev+-+85th+Jubilee&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azer.com%2Faiweb%2Fcategories%2Fmagazine%2Fai113_folder%2F113_articles%2F113_science_abdullayev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.gov.az/physics/Dom/2003/v2article/f20030902600_Alf.pdf">"Ð’Ñ‹Ñтупление Лауреата ÐобелевÑкой премии, Вице-Президента РоÑÑийÑкой Ðкадемии Ðаук ЖореÑа Ивановича Ðлферова на Международной конференции, поÑвÑщенной 85-летию академика ГаÑана Багировича Ðбдуллаева"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Academy of Sciences. 2003-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+85-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.gov.az%2Fphysics%2FDom%2F2003%2Fv2article%2Ff20030902600_Alf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r856303468"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Original quote from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian: "Большой вклад в Ñоздание Полупроводниковой Ñлектроники внеÑли ÑоветÑкие учёные — физики и инженеры (Ð. Ф. Иоффе, Ð. П. Сажин, Я. И. Френкель, Б. Ðœ. Вул, Ð’. Ðœ. Тучкевич, Г. Б. Ðбдулаев, Ж. И. Ðлферов, К. Ð. Валиев, Ю. П. Докучаев, Л. Ð’. Келдыш, С. Г. Калашников, Ð’. Г. КолеÑников, Ð. Ð’. КраÑилов, Ð’. Е, Лашкарёв, Я. Ð. Федотов и многие др.)." Ð. И. Шокин. ÐŸÐ¾Ð»ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлектроника. Ð‘Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑнциклопедиÑ. — Ðœ.: СоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½Ñ†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ 1969—1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Poluprovodnikovaja-jelektronika-49861.html">[1]</a> +</p></blockquote></span> +</li> +<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enc-dic.com/enc_sovet/Selen-80490.html">"Селен (Selenium)"</a>. Ð‘Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑнциклопедиÑ. — Ðœ.: СоветÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½Ñ†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ 1969—1978. 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%28Selenium%29&rft.date=1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenc-dic.com%2Fenc_sovet%2FSelen-80490.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasan+Abdullayev" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r861714446"/></span> +</li> +</ol></div></div> +<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Abdullayev&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> +<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> +<tbody><tr> +<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> +<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hasan_Abdullayev" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hasan Abdullayev">Hasan Abdullayev</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> +<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://science.zerbaijan.com/photos.html">[2]</a> Collection of photos of academician Hasan Abdullayev</li></ul> +<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4054564&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4054564&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4054564" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> +<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000116981649">0000 0001 1698 1649</a></span></span></li> +<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81078972">n81078972</a></span></span></li> +<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109565605">109565605</a></span></span></li> +<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/109565605">109565605</a></span></li></ul> +</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> + +<!-- +NewPP limit report +Parsed by mw1244 +Cached time: 20190111175009 +Cache expiry: 86400 +Dynamic content: true +CPU time usage: 0.632 seconds +Real time usage: 0.795 seconds +Preprocessor visited node count: 2822/1000000 +Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 +Postâ€expand include size: 74797/2097152 bytes +Template argument size: 7272/2097152 bytes +Highest expansion depth: 18/40 +Expensive parser function count: 5/500 +Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 +Unstrip postâ€expand size: 74130/5000000 bytes +Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 +Lua time usage: 0.407/10.000 seconds +Lua memory usage: 15.22 MB/50 MB +--> +<!-- +Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) +100.00% 732.199 1 -total + 34.90% 255.555 1 Template:Reflist + 28.89% 211.516 24 Template:Cite_news + 22.48% 164.605 1 Template:Infobox_scientist + 21.29% 155.896 1 Template:Infobox_person + 19.00% 139.115 1 Template:Lang-az + 17.55% 128.488 2 Template:Infobox + 8.16% 59.753 2 Template:Citation_needed + 8.14% 59.578 1 Template:Commons_category + 7.23% 52.905 2 Template:Fix +--> + +<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43737551-0!canonical and timestamp 20190111175008 and revision id 874254479 + --> +</div> diff --git a/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/test-clean_html.R b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/test-clean_html.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..042e273c5e6859075004997dd82284d569490e2c --- /dev/null +++ b/processing/wikiproc/tests/testthat/test-clean_html.R @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +context("test-clean_html") + +test_that("html cleansing works", { + filename_raw <- "article-4-raw.html" + filename_cleansed <- "article-4-cleansed.txt" + html <- readChar(filename_raw, file.info(filename_raw)$size) + expected <- readChar(filename_cleansed, file.info(filename_cleansed)$size) + actual <- clean_html(html) + + expect_equal(expected, actual) +}) diff --git a/r/GetBirthplace.R b/r/GetBirthplace.R deleted file mode 100644 index 8726598874e32feeffa2c015ec5bb43cfec90adc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/r/GetBirthplace.R +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env Rscript - -# Author: Lukas - -## librarys - -library(rvest) -library(stringr) -library(data.table) - -#' This script extracts Birthplace from physicist texts -#' Try to get the infobox and extract the birthplace -#' If there is no infobox, 0 will be returned as -#' birthplace is hard to extract from text -#' -#' @param article Article in HTML-format -#' @return String with birthplace of the physicist|0 -getBirthplace <- function(article) { - - # If there is no infobox we return 0 - if(!grepl("vcard", article)) { - return(0) - } - - # Use infobox to get Birthplace - infoBox <- getInfoBox(article) - - # Get 'Born' field - birthplace <- infoBox[infoBox$Desc %like% "Born",]$Content - - # Remove everything in front of the "\n" - # Rest is birthplace - birthplace <- gsub(".*\\\n", "", birthplace) - - # return birthplace - return(birthplace) -} - -### Converts info box to table -getInfoBox <- function(article) { - # Read page as html - page <- read_html(article) - - # Extracting text from the html will erase all <br> tags, - # this will replace them with line breaks - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_remove() - - # Get the info box - # Will throw an error if there isnt any, so that should be checked beforehand - - table <- page %>% - html_nodes("table.vcard") %>% - html_table(fill = TRUE) %>% - .[[1]] - - colnames(table) <- c("Desc", "Content") - - return(table) -} diff --git a/r/GetNoOfSpouses.R b/r/GetNoOfSpouses.R deleted file mode 100755 index 5190edab023ba3063d2afe1bc4f67f85f7cf4e36..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/r/GetNoOfSpouses.R +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ -### GetNoOfSpouses.R -### This extracts the number of spouses from the infobox -### If no infobox or no information about spouses is found assumes there are none -### Not for use in production, this does not actually get information from text - -# Author: David - -## Librarys - -library(rvest) -library(data.table) - -### Get number of spouses - -getNoOfSpouses <- function(article) { - - # If there is no infobox we assume there were no spouses - if(!grepl("vcard", article)) { - return(0) - } - - infoBox <- getInfoBox(article) - - # Get the spouse field - spouses <- infoBox[infoBox$Desc %like% "Spouse",]$Content - # Remove everything in parentheses - spouses <- gsub("\\s*\\([^\\)]+\\)", "", spouses) - # Split the strings by newlines to get one spouse per line - spouses <- strsplit(spouses, "\n") - spouses <- unlist(spouses) - if(length(spouses) > 0) { - return(length(spouses)) - } - return(0) -} - -### Converts info box to table -getInfoBox <- function(article) { - # Read page as html - page <- read_html(article) - - # Extracting text from the html will erase all <br> tags, - # this will replace them with line breaks - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_add_sibling("p", "\n") - - xml_find_all(page, ".//br") %>% - xml_remove() - - # Get the info box - # Will throw an error if there isnt any, so that should be checked beforehand - - table <- page %>% - html_nodes("table.vcard") %>% - html_table(fill = TRUE) %>% - .[[1]] - - colnames(table) <- c("Desc", "Content") - - return(table) -} diff --git a/r/ProcessNER.R b/r/ProcessNER.R deleted file mode 100644 index 661d4a91f3ecd05b419415746f83fb3fd7f9f6ba..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 --- a/r/ProcessNER.R +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env Rscript - -### Provides functionality to use NER, POS and Dependency Grammers - -## Author: David - -cat("Initializing spacy backend...\n") - -# It's important to do this prior to loading any python related stuff - -reticulate::use_condaenv("spcy", required = TRUE) - -# Load librarys - -library(cleanNLP) - -# Init nlp models - -cnlp_init_spacy(entity_flag = TRUE) - -cat("Done.\n") - -createAnnotations <- function(text, article.id, article.rev.id, use.cache = TRUE, write.cache = FALSE) { - - # Generate filename, for some reason there paste0 will pad the article id with leading whitespaces - # To prevent this we stip 'em again - - filename <- gsub(" ", "", paste0("data/annotations/", article.id, "-", article.rev.id, ".RDS"), fixed = TRUE) - - # Check if there is a cached version of the annotations for this article in this specific revision - - if(use.cache & file.exists(filename)) { - res <- tryCatch({ - data <- readRDS(filename) - data - }, error = function (e) { - cat("Cached data seems to be corrupted, redoing annotation.\n") - }) - return(res) - } - - annotation <- cnlp_annotate(text, as_strings = TRUE) - - # Write cache if desired - - if(write.cache) { - if (!dir.exists("data")) { - dir.create("data") - } - if (!dir.exists("data/annotations")) { - dir.create("data/annotations") - } - saveRDS(annotation, filename) - } - - # Return data - # On a side note: Should we do this? The tidyverse style guide discourages explicit returns. - # But then again, it suggests snake case for variables... - - return(annotation) -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/example/Makefile b/rasa/Makefile similarity index 100% rename from example/Makefile rename to rasa/Makefile diff --git a/example/README.md b/rasa/README.md similarity index 100% rename from example/README.md rename to rasa/README.md diff --git a/example/actions.py b/rasa/actions.py similarity index 100% rename from example/actions.py rename to rasa/actions.py diff --git a/example/bot.py b/rasa/bot.py similarity index 100% rename from example/bot.py rename to rasa/bot.py diff --git a/example/data.tsv b/rasa/data.tsv similarity index 100% rename from example/data.tsv rename to rasa/data.tsv diff --git a/example/domain.yml b/rasa/domain.yml similarity index 100% rename from example/domain.yml rename to rasa/domain.yml diff --git a/example/endpoints.yml b/rasa/endpoints.yml similarity index 100% rename from example/endpoints.yml rename to rasa/endpoints.yml diff --git a/example/nlu.md b/rasa/nlu.md similarity index 100% rename from example/nlu.md rename to rasa/nlu.md diff --git a/example/nlu_config.yml b/rasa/nlu_config.yml similarity index 100% rename from example/nlu_config.yml rename to rasa/nlu_config.yml diff --git a/example/nlu_config.yml.spacy b/rasa/nlu_config.yml.spacy similarity index 100% rename from example/nlu_config.yml.spacy rename to rasa/nlu_config.yml.spacy diff --git a/example/policy.py b/rasa/policy.py similarity index 100% rename from example/policy.py rename to rasa/policy.py diff --git a/example/stories.md b/rasa/stories.md similarity index 100% rename from example/stories.md rename to rasa/stories.md